LED ACADEMY>1. LED´s Basics>2. LED´s Optics>3. LED´s Thermal>
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Heat transfer introduction
- 3.3 Power conversion
- 3.4 LED performance
- 3.5 Thermal design of LED-based luminaire
- 3.6 Cooling system
- 3.7 Thermal design of passive cooling
- 4.1 Cold lumens versus hot lumens
- 4.2 Driving LEDs
- 4.3 LED connection
- 4.4 LED driver
- 4.5 LED driver additional features
- 5.1 High Efficacy
- 5.2 Controllability
- 5.3 Size
- 5.4 Directionality
- 5.5 Durability
- 5.6 Low-temperature operation
- 5.7 Instant on, frequent switching
- 5.8 No UV emissions
- 5.9 Environmental impact
- 5.10 Reliability and lifetime
- 6.1 The Right Light Application
- 6.2 Presentation and retail shop, shopping mall
- 6.3 Industry and engineering, outdoor workplaces
- 6.4 Office and communication
- 6.5 Hotel and gastro
- 6.6 Architecture, facade, city marketing and visual presentation
- 6.7 Road path and square
- 6.8 House, flat and living area
- 6.9 Emergency lighting
- 7.1 High brightness LED market
- 7.2 Lighting Efficiency Comparison
- 7.3 HB LED
- 7.4 LED luminaire cost track
- 7.5 LED retrofits versus LED luminaires
5.6 Cold-Temperature Operation
Cold temperatures present a challenge for fluorescent lamps. At low temperatures, higher voltage is required to start fluorescent lamp, and luminous flux is decreased. In contrast, LED performance is inherently increased at low operating temperatures. This feature predestines LEDs for grocery stores, cold storage facilities, and outdoor applications.
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| Grocery store | Christmas garland |